Our prospective results revealed the persistence of an “olfactory anhedonia” for everyday life perceived odorants, an “olfactory negative alliesthesia” at a quantitative level and a failure to identify two odorants with opposite valences in a binary MDV3100 iso-mixture, as potential trait markers for MDE. Moreover, this study underlined the importance of using complex odorant mixtures for a better understanding of the olfactory perception in mood disorders. Such a negative bias has already been described in previous studies investigating other types of stimuli in depression, e.g., a facial expression recognition bias in depression. Moreover, Mikhailova et al. hypothesized a state deficit in emotion processing in depressed patients by evaluating the patients before treatment and after achieving remission. Some limitations of this preliminary work must be considered. First of all, our observations need to be confirmed by further studies. Besides, it could be relevant to create standardized instruments using pure compounds with different hedonic valences. Moreover, to generalize our findings, we need to confirm them with a larger sample including several age ranges. Indeed, the average age of our participants is quite high and it is known that olfactory capacities decrease with age. Longitudinal studies are required to examine cognitive and olfactory differences in depressed subjects following remission from depression, in order to confirm potential state and trait markers for depression. Moreover, it would be necessary in further studies to include patients “at risk”, before the beginning of an acute MDE to see if some olfactory markers could constitute a risk factor of this disease. Besides, future studies could test olfactory performances in patients treated with another antidepressant treatment and other therapeutic methods in order to understand the possible differential influence of drugs and psychotherapies on the olfactory perception. At last, we can also hypothesize that our results could be partly due to the reduced interest during depression in their surroundings, reduced ability to concentrate on a task or their general negative mood; this aspect must be controlled in further studies. Various short peptides isolated from venoms of poisonous creatures, such as scorpions, bees, snakes, cone snails, and sea anemones, inhibit K+ and other cationic channels by physically occluding the ion conduction pathway. The backbone of these peptide toxins is stabilized by several disulfide bridges. The rigid backbone of these toxins is believed to be important for their abilities to inhibit K+ channels with high affinities. The secondary structure of the toxins is frequently characterized by an a-helix and a double- or triple-strand anti-parallel b-sheet. These toxins have found various potential applications in pharmaceutics as well as physiological studies of ion channels. For example, several mutants of the toxin ShK isolated from the sea anemone have been developed as selective blockers of the voltage-gated K+ channel Kv1.3, which is a target for immunosuppression. The synthetic form of the v-conotoxin MVIIA, which is a voltagegated calcium channel blocker, has been approved to treat severe pain. To predict the bound complex of MTx-Kv1.2, we apply a distance restraint between Lys23 of MTx and Gly376 of Kv1.2.