Furthermore, sulforaphane did not influence on reactive gliosis nor did it limit the Talazoparib 1207456-01-6 functional deficit when given as a single dose in the acute ischemic period or as repeated daily doses. Further studies in different models of cerebral ischemia, aimed at better understanding of the potential neuroprotective effects of sulforaphane and determining the optimal and clinically relevant time-point for administration, are warranted. In sub-Saharan Africa, HIV patients receive antiretroviral treatment with combination antiretroviral drugs mainly through urban-based programs. Economic and geographic constraints severely limit access to hospitals for poor patients living in rural areas. Since much of the population of sub-Saharan Africa is rural, these factors lead to large inequities in the provision of ART services and makes universal access to ART difficult to achieve. Attempts to expand ART services to rural areas, including those in Uganda, have been constrained by the shortage of trained health professionals in these regions. Alternative approaches are required, including those that can engage and make use of rural community resources. Provision of ART services in Uganda has improved over time; however, major gaps in access remain, including in western Uganda. Information on successful community-based ART programs in sub-Saharan Africa is limited. In Uganda, published results from other studies which used home-based or community-based care models show that a high number of HIV patients achieved suppressed HIV-1 RNA viral loads in these types of programs. In one study, local citizens monitored treatment progress and adherence to medication in HIV patients receiving ART in Kampala, the major urban centre of Uganda. The other studies were in rural areas but involved treatment models that required substantial external inputs, which would limit the applicability and sustainability of ART provision in poor regions. There were no studies found that looked at community-based ART programs in rural areas that used locally available lower-cost resources. If community members could be safely involved in the provision of high quality ART care in rural areas in Uganda, where there are very few physicians and clinical officers are in short supply, then expanding ART services would be feasible as capable community members are generally very willing to participate in such programs and clinical officers can be relieved of routine follow-up by shifting this task to community volunteers. We tested the utility and effectiveness of a HC/communitybased model for delivering ART in a sustainable manner using local health centre and community support and resources by providing ART to a rural population in Rwimi subcounty, Kabarole District. We compared virologic outcomes with results of a well-established hospital-based ART program offered at the best practice regional hospital in Fort Portal, the district capital. The follow-up time for patients in both care models was two years. We previously published the preliminary six-month treatment results from this project. In this study we report the treatment results after two years of program operation, which is a more informative period of observation for the evaluation of a life-long treatment program. The intervention was designed to provide ART to rural, impoverished PLWHIV most of whom would otherwise have had no access to treatment due to high transport costs imposed by hospital-based treatment. Duff et al. have shown in a previous study from the same area that transport costs to the hospitals providing ART and other treatment associated costs were the main barrier to accessing ART. Community members in Rwimi were asked if they would participate in this program as unpaid volunteers.