Revealed the association between AKI diagnosed by KDIGO but not RIFLE or AKIN and short-come prognosis. KDIGO criteria identified more episode CRS type 1 and predicted hospital survival. The clinical application of the KDIGO AKI definition helped to increase the early recognition of AKI, allowing more individuals at high risk of AKI for intervention, indicating the new KDIGO criteria were superior to RIFLE and AKIN criteria in predicting short-term outcomes in CRS type 1. Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, and it is more prevalent in developed countries. It is estimated that the crude mean incidence of Colorectal cancer in South East Asia for both sexes was 6.95/100000 population in 2008 and the incidence increased with age. At the molecular level, colorectal cancer arises from a series of genetic and epigenetic alterations that inactivate tumor suppressor genes and activate oncogenes. However, the basic mechanisms Adriamycin Topoisomerase inhibitor underlying colorectal cancer initiation and progression remain largely unknown. Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, a tyrosine kinase receptor for IGF-1 and IGF-2, is frequently overexpressed in tumors and has been well documented in cell culture, animal studies and humans to play a role in malignant transformation, progression, protection from apoptosis, and metastasis. The IGF receptor family consists of three transmembrane proteins, and the IGF1R gene is located on chromosome 15q26, which encodes a single polypeptide of 1367 amino acids that is constitutively expressed in most cells. IGF1R activation leads to autophosphorylation on tyrosines 1131, 1135 and 1136 in the kinase domain, followed by phosphorylation of juxtamembrane tyrosines and carboxyterminal serines. This is followed by recruitment of specific docking intermediates, including insulin-receptor substrate-1, Shc and 14-3-3 proteins. These molecules link the IGF1R to diverse signaling pathways, allowing the induction of growth, transformation, differentiation and protection against apoptosis. Upon IGF-1 binding, IGF1R activates the PI3K/Akt cascade, which promotes G1 to S cell cycle progression and elevates cell proliferation. IGF1R is overexpressed during colorectal carcinogenesis, with the highest expression observed in the proliferating cells at the base of the colonic crypts. However, the role of IGF1R in colorectal cancer remains to be elucidated. Over the past decade, a novel class of small RNA molecules known as microRNAs has emerged as major regulators of the initiation and progression of human cancers, including colorectal cancer. miRNAs are small, single-stranded noncoding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression by binding to the 39-untranslated region of target mRNA molecules, which results in either degradation of the transcript or inhibition of translation. Many miRNAs work in conjunction with one another to fine tune protein expression on a global level. Thus, miRNAs play a significant role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Importantly, recent studies indicate that the dysregulation of miRNAs is associated with human malignancies and suggest a causal role of miRNAs in cancer etiology.