This is consistent with previous in vitro data reporting that ginseng treatment upregulated GPx activity in the soleus muscle of rats and GCS activity in pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Our data show increased antioxidant enzyme expression and NFkB/MAPK signaling in the muscle of DStreated rats at low and medium doses; this may explain the attenuated oxidative stress in muscle following EE challenge. However, increased GPx levels were attenuated at a high dose of DS. Additionally, decreased MnSOD levels were observed only with a high dose of DS supplementation; this indicates that too much DS may undermine its protective action. Similar outcomes have also been reported in hyperglycemia-associated chronic inflammation. These results describe the important caveat that different dosages and durations of ginseng use can produce contradictory outcomes in vivo. Panax ginseng is a popular herbal medicine used worldwide to enhance stamina and coping capacity against physical fatigue. To date, the active ginsenoside component that contributes to its alleged ergogenic benefit is unknown. Due to its structural similarity to many human steroid hormones, the steroid component of ginseng has been a target of research. However, the steroid profile of ginseng varies with species type and season ; this may be a major confounder that contributes to the conflicting results reported in previous ginseng studies. Using ginseng-derived steroids is one way to standardize ginseng and provide a more reliable pharmacological outcomes. The results of this study provide a new perspective and suggest that modulating Torin 1 inflammation with ginseng-derived steroids can influence skeletal muscle performance. Long-term DS supplementation can potentiate inflammatory signaling in skeletal muscle. However, this treatment can also produce an anti-inflammatory benefit when skeletal muscle is challenged in a muscle-damaging exercise. This result may explain the paradox among previous contradictory findings that described increased cell death and anti-inflammatory activity with DS treatment. Furthermore, the increased muscle strength observed following long-term DS supplementation appears to be associated with decreased cell age of skeletal muscle due to increased cell turnover mediated by inflammatory modulation. The hormetic dose-response relationship of DS suggests that a high dosage should be avoided in clinical applications of ginseng-based supplements. Pyroglyphid house dust mites of the genus Dermatophagoides are important sources of allergens in the indoor environment of human dwellings, causing allergic diseases such as asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, in millions of people worldwide. Over 30 different proteins and macromolecules are known to produce IgE-binding reactions in patients allergic to house dust mites. Among these molecules, group 1 allergens of Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus dominate overall allergic responses. Group 1 allergens are cysteine proteases, having the ability to induce pro-inflammatory response by breaking lung epithelium.