As macrophages and epithelial cells are the first target of inhaled pollutants throughout the respiratory tract, we used THP-1 differentiated cells as a model for lung macrophages and Calu-3 cells as a model for lung epithelium junctions Human cell lines easily accessible were chosen in order to ease the implementation of methods. On one hand, we assessed the effects of PSNPs on cell viability, oxidative stress and genotoxicity. To perform this work, we used innovative approaches to monitor real time cell viability and morphology by impedance measurements using the xCELLigence system. Conventional alamar Blue viability assay was used to corroborate obtained results. We also measured intracellular glutathione known to play acritical role in the cellular defense against oxidative stress agents. To quantify DNA double strand breaks the ��-H2Ax foci detection method was used as it has been previously described as a highly sensitive assay and a good predictor of in vivo genotoxicity. On the other hand, we explored the correlation between the uptake of these different PS nanobeads and cellular damages. Cellular uptake was analyzed by video-confocal microscopy, flow cytometry and confocal fluorescence microscopy. The aim of this work was to correlate, jointly to nanobeads internalization, the impact of NPs surface chemistry on cell response by studying cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. To be sure to ascribe any observed effect to only the surface chemistry of PS nanobeads, it was a prerequisite to treat cells with characterized and mono-dispersed nanobeads suspension. For this reason we performed DLS measurements and TEM analysis to control nanobeads dispersions. No marked changes of nanobeads suspension particle size were observed for PS-NH2 for which a significant increase of the PDI and the Ropivacaine hydrochloride formation of small aggregates were observed. Moreover, PS nanobeads suspensions were stable and remained well dispersed at least 48h after their preparation, ensuring a high reproducibility of MSDC-0160 biological experiments during this period.