With the improvement in cancer treatment techniques, this patient population is growing rapidly and there are no effective prevention strategies or successful long-term treatment strategies to mitigate these cognitive deficits. Numerous preclinical investigations have supported the sensitivity of the hippocampus to radiation-induced damage, given the fact that Mangiferin radiation decreases hippocampal neurogenesis and induces hippocampal-dependent cognitive deficits in rodents. While patients report cognitive deficits associated with both hippocampus and non-hippocampus-dependent cognitive domains, there is a lack of preclinical data examining the effects of radiation on behaviors mediated by brain regions other than the hippocampus. Thus, there is a need for research focused on tasks related to the function of other brain structures in rodents, in order to further understand radiation��s effects on these other complex cognitive domains reported to be negatively effected by therapeutic radiation in humans. To date there have been a number of studies of the general behavioral and motor effects of radiation exposure in rodents. Early work examined the effects of gamma sources on motor function and operant performances in rodents. Additionally, high-energy radiation was shown to be more effective in disrupting motor function compared to these conventional sources. Further, Rabin and colleagues have examined the effects of HZE radiation on a number of behavioral processes including conditioned taste aversion, conditioned place preference, emesis, maze performances, and operant responding on a progressive-ratio schedule. Such studies have provided a knowledge base for progressing into the more Neohesperidin explicit study of those human cognitive functions likely to be affected by radiation. A prior report from this laboratory presented data on the effects of gamma irradiation on neurobehavioral function in rodents as measured by a simple reaction time task. An experimental group was exposed to a single exposure of headonly gamma radiation, while a control group received a sham-radiation exposure using the same anesthesia protocol.