Previously, Milavetz et al. pointed out that the differences in LV geometry between males and females were largely eliminated after normalizing for BSA. Since all of the studies reporting AQ-RA 741 gender-specific differences in the LV geometry and the pattern of LVH used TTE-measured values and the calculation of LV mass incorporates the cavity dimension, all of which are usually higher in men, the disappearance of sex differences after adjustment with BSA may not be an unexpected result. Although TTE is still a standard and most commonly used method for assessment of LVM in clinical practice, LVM calculation based on TTE measurements have been known to overestimate it, especially in patients with LVH. Notably, our study demonstrated gender-specific differences in the LVH and remodeling with the use of CMR, which has been the ��gold-standard�� for assessment of LVM and volume in Alda 1 recent studies. Previous studies have demonstrated no significant difference in the progression of AS between males and females, and gender was not an independent predictor of AS progression. Therefore, the noted difference in LV remodeling pattern, presented as LVMI and LVRI, is less likely to be influenced neither by any gender difference in the disease duration, nor the rate of AS progression. Rather, the differences in LV remodeling pattern between males and females are more likely to arise from the difference in gender itself. Our analysis showing the gender-specific differences in LVH and remodeling might also be an important possible mechanism for gender-specific differences in the prognostic profile after definite treatment of AS. Although there have been debates about the gender-specific differences in the post-operative prognosis after SAVR, recently published subgroup analysis of the PARTNER 1A trial and the results of a registry-based study have shown better short- and mid-term survival in female patients, in up to 2 years of follow-up. Considering diverse confounding factors which could impact the outcome after SAVR, clinical outcomes after TAVR might be more directly influenced by the improvement of pressure overload itself, which is supported by recent reports as listed above. It should be noticed that there may be possible influence of differences in the baseline LV mass between the two genders. For example, the difference in the LV mass of normal male and female volunteers are significantly different across the different ethnicities ; 128 vs. 87, mass difference between two genders 41 g in the normal Western volunteers ). However, it would be hard to suggest that the difference in the LVH between the two genders is wholly attributed to the baseline difference in the LV mass before AS ensues because the difference of LV mass between the genders clearly shows significant difference as compared to our preliminary data in normal volunteers.