In addition, several signaling processes involving fetal gene re-expression, activation of protein translocation, increase in mass, and enlargement of cell size/volume have been identified as markers of hypertrophy as a response to hemodynamic overload. In the present study the diameter of the cardiomyocytes was increased, and alpha-actin WZ4002 expression was upregulated together with four and a half LIM domains 1, and enigma. FHL is contained in a complex within the cardiomyocyte sacromere and mice lacking FHL displayed a blunted hypertrophic response suggesting FHL1 to mediates hypertrophic biomechanical stress responses in the myocardium, while the Enigma protein family are Z-line proteins at the border between two sarcomers. Thus, upregulation of a series of genes in the present study also suggest that mechanical load regulate gene expression and results in right ventricular hypertrophy. During development of right ventricular hypertrophy the myocardium changes metabolism to avoid ischemia. Normally the major substrate for heart metabolism is free fatty acids that account for 60�C80%. The remaining part comes from metabolism of carbohydrates, but during development of left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure the ratio alters towards increased carbohydrates as cardiac fuel substrate and augmented mitochondrial respiratory capacity which is considered to play a central role in hypoxia-mediated cardioprotection. A study of gene expression from chronic hypoxic rats showed increased expression of genes associated to glucose metabolism and they also found changes in the left ventricle, which indicates that not only myocardial hypertrophy causes changes, but also chronic hypoxia contributes to altered gene expression. Indeed, in the present study genes encoding for enzymes participating in beta-oxidation of fatty acids were downregulated in right ventricles from hypoxic rats. The tendency was reflected at protein level, although not significantly and supports that pressure load by itself is able to cause a shift in genes related to myocardial metabolism from free fatty acids to carbohydrates. Aquaporin 7 is a water and glycerol channel that has been found especially in adipocytes and skeletal muscle cells in the human body. The overall function of Cycloheximide aquaporins is to maintain cellular water homeostasis. Studies of aquaporin 7 showed that it is expressed in cardiac tissue from mice, rats and humans. Our results confirmed these findings both by gene chip, qPCR and immunoblotting.