This is mainly due to an increase of the neutrophils number by 64% whereas lymphocytes felt to an average of 10% Post . Furthermore, as previously described , high plasma concentration of IL-6 induces a peak expression of IL-1ra and IL-1b 1 h after exercise, 345% and 138%, respectively . Consistent with previous studies, we find similarly that increased cytokines levels were related to a significant increase and peak in CRP 24 h after exercise . In the present study, the CRP level of the PAS group increased 6-fold 24 h after the simulated Enzalutamide running race compare to Pre value vs. 3 fold or 31 fold in previous studies . However, these differences compared to the first study might be explained by the greater muscle mass mobilized by lower limb vs. elbow or the used of eccentric activation vs. concentric actions in the previous study . Secondly, unlike results with the second study cited may be explained by the difference in the type and duration of exercise leading to greater acute phase response than following trail exercise. Indeed the iron man triathlon race consisted of about 10 h of exercise vs. only 48min trail run exercise in the present study. The amalgamation of these damaging effects can be problematic for activity on subsequent days, and there may be a greater risk of injury due to residual soreness and perturbations in muscle function . This study measured the selected cytokines TNF-a, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra, IL-1b and CRP in well-trained athletes for up to 96 h following a trail exercise. IL-6 and IL-10 levels are not influenced by one session of WBC repeated on four AZD2281 structure consecutive days. However, contrary to previous reports suggesting that WBC exposure increased the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 production , our results present no significant changes after 4 exposures to WBC, compared to PAS modality. Nevertheless, the different type of exercise, 3 h by day of Elite training rugby during 4 days vs. 48 min running exercise in the first day might explain this difference of result between studies. However this previous study did not utilize a control passive group as in the present study, in order to state that the increase in IL-10 is due to cryotherapy and not to the repetition of exercise itself. Moreover, they conducted the study on a more acute time line, 7 days vs. 5 days in the present study, which might lead for the difference of IL-10 response.