ted, this species was useful for transcriptome analysis. Fat body is principally responsible for intermediary metabolism and nutrient storage in insects. Here, the transcriptomes of intact fat body tissues and cultured fat body tissues were compared to evaluate the effects of culturing on genome-wide transcription in an insect tissue. The relative RNA production in the two tissue samples was estimated using edgeR which is an R software package for statistical analysis, and based on this analysis, total RNA production in fat body was reduced by two-fifths during culture. During culture, expression of 11 genes increased, and expression of 43 genes decreased. The morphology of cultured fat body tissues were examined by stereoscopic microscope and phase contrast microscope. This result indicated that the cultured tissue had initiated the process of abrogating their tissue-specific function by becoming independent from the donor and their identity as a part of an individual, living organism. The cells used in this study were fat body cells from the silkworm, and the medium used was MGM450 insect medium. The silkworm B. mori is one of the few insects for which a complete genome sequence has been compiled, and representative species of lepidopteran insects account for the majority of agricultural pests; therefore, there is substantial interest in gene expression in lepidopteran species. Many studies have specifically focused on fat body because this tissue is largely responsible for resistance to insecticides. MGM-450 insect medium and silkworm hemolymph have similar proportion of amino acids. Six silkworm cell lines were established using MGM-450 insect medium and a research about in vitro hemocyte differentiation of silkworm also performed using this medium. Respiratory infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality, with a worldwide disease burden estimated at almost 98,000,000 disability adjusted life years and more than 4,000,000 deaths per year. Several studies show that respiratory infections have the most prominent impact on the pediatric population. Clinical presentation of viral respiratory infections depends heavily on patient status and the pathogen involved, and may show a broad variety of symptoms, including both upper and lower respiratory symptoms. Rapid and accurate detection and identification of viruses causing respiratory tract infections is important for patient care and disease control as this significantly decreases the length of hospitalization and reduces management costs. Furthermore, detection and identification of etiological agents enables the introduction of specific antiviral treatments and appropriate isolation precautions in severe cases. Despite this, no etiological agent can be identified in,30% of patients suffering from respiratory tract diseases. Previous studies hypothesized that this might be due to the presence of as yet unknown viruses.