When the farnesol production was divided by the volume of culture. At these concentrations, exogenous added farnesol could partially inhibit the hyphae formation or growth of C. albicans, but the inhibitory effect is less than that displayed by the tested agents. We speculated that it might be attributed to the better action of endogenous farnesol. DPP3 encodes phosphatase which converts farnesyl pyrophosphate to farnesol. To determine whether the agents stimulated farnesol production by upregulation of Dpp3, C. albicans strain BWP-DPP3-GFP was constructed. The results obtained from CLSM and a Multifunctional Microplate Reader showed Dpp3 was stimulated by the above agents, which was in accordance with the enhanced farnesol production. The clinical used antifungal agents were discovered based on killing the cells, at least inhibiting the growth. Azoles displayed fungistatic action by reducing the sterol synthesis; Echinocandins inhibit b-glucan synthase to synthesize the cell wall component and then kill the fungal cells; Rapamycin exerts its antifungal action by targeting the kinase Tor; Isoacteoside Icofungipen functions as tRNA synthetase inhibitor to inhibit the cell growth. However, agents targeting the virulence were less developed, although related genes of virulence were well investigated. In this study, we investigated the application of bisbibenzyls against fungal invasion through regulating the known molecular mechanism of morphogenesis switch. Moreover, the structure of each active chemical agent gives a clue for further modification. Taken together, we provided an alternative way to combat pathogenic fungi infection by targeting the step of morphogenesis switch. In addition, an effective assay for screening potential antifungal agents targeting farnesol synthesis is established through evaluating hyphal and biofilm formation by measuring Dpp3 expression and farnesol production. Paleomicrobiology permits the identification of causative agents of past infectious diseases and the temporal and geographical distribution of infected groups and traces the genetic Schizandrin-B evolution of microorganisms. The double identification of the causative agent of the Black Death using antigen and DNA detection allows the resolution of controversies concerning the plague agent. Including this study, samples from 27 sites across 5 countries in Europe have been found positive by DNA or/and antigen detection of Y. pestis. We defined historically Y. pestis-positive teeth, these collected from skeletons excavated from burial sites containing victims of the plague epidemic at which Y. pestis DNA was previously found in at least one tooth in the grave. Thirty-four historically positive teeth were collected from 5 archaeological sites with a broad time span for this study.