Exclude virological and cellular factors as cause for non-progressive disease

Concerning HIV-1 controllers, in a previous study we compared the neutralizing activities in plasma samples from a well CK-636 defined group of LTNP and a control group of more recently infected persons with progressive disease, but with comparable viral load and CD4 count. We detected statistically significant better neutralization titers against a set of viruses in the LTNP sera compared to the control group suggesting that bnAbs may potentially contribute to VU 0364439 contain viremia in these particular LTNP, in which we could exclude virological and cellular factors as cause for non-progressive disease. In this study, we now identified and characterized the Abs present in one of those LTNPs, MH03, by screening a phage library generated from this patient, which displayed his antibody repertoire in a scFv formate, with soluble gp140 derived from HIV-1ADA. The lectin purified soluble gp140 fraction contained a mixture of monomeric, dimeric and trimeric Env allowing presentation of potential target epitopes in different contexts including the trimeric Env form mimicking best the native spike on HIV-1 virions. The presence of the trimeric form was proven by Western blot of HIV-1ADA.C1 gp140 reacted with the trimer-specific mAb Md-1. The antigenic integrity of the gp140 constructs was reflected by good reactivity with a set of well characterized mAbs, some of those targeting conformational epitopes, by ELISA. With the exception of PG16, which very rarely reacts with soluble gp140 by ELISA, all other mAbs including the related PG9 showed very good reactivity with gp140ADA.C1. Thus, the soluble fractions of gp140ADA.C1 were used to select antibody fragments from LTNP MH03 from a scFv phage library generated from his B cells. The selected scFv phages as well as the corresponding purified scFvs alone strongly bound to gp140ADA.C1 by ELISA. Based on the sequences of the most reactive scFv, these could be allocated to two groups, one represented by scFv A7 and the other by scFv A2. ScFv A2 recognizes an epitope localized in gp41, which is only recognized in the trimeric context. This was proven on Western blots of soluble gp140 from ADA.C1 immunoprecipitated with scFv-Fc A2, where only the trimeric form was eluted, as detected with human HIV-positive serum and trimer-specific Md-1 mAb.

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