Morphology and immunohistochemistry will provide Adefovir Dipivoxil diagnosis and drive the choice of areas to be microdissected for multiplex deep sequencing, while aiding the interpretation of sequencing data in light of intratumor heterogeneity. The role of the pathologist will be also critical to ensure the Formoterol Hemifumarate appropriate and ample sampling of the tumor to guarantee a complete and combined histopathologic molecular diagnosis. Finally, next generation targeted sequencing on paraffin tissue is much less expensive than the sum of many single conventional analyses, while having equal or even higher sensitivity. This renders clinical application feasible and paves the way to a significant curtail of the economic burden of National Health Services. The first cases of the new H1N1 pandemic influenza virus, in metropolitan France, were detected in April 2009 in patients returning from Mexico. Systematic analysis of suspected cases was undertaken and the virus was identified, using molecular methods, in the Public Hospital virology ����Level A���� laboratories of the seven French Defence Zones. Accordingly, samples from the Southern Defence Zone, were received and analysed in our department, at the Virology Level A laboratory of the Public Hospitals of Marseille. The current study refers to samples received between the end of April and the end of August 2009. During the first period, samples were systematically collected using strict and identical criteria, mainly based either on the presence of an acute respiratory illness and recent travel history in an affected area, or on contact with a confirmed or suspected case. During the second period, biological confirmation of suspected cases was no longer required and criteria used for requesting biological diagnosis were more heterogeneous. Here, we present the results of virological analyses performed during the first three months that followed the introduction of the novel H1N1sw pandemic influenza variant in metropolitan France.This included the detection and characterization of influenza viruses, the evaluation of rapid Influenza detection tests detection of the H1N1sw pandemic variant, the detection of other respiratory viruses and the investigation of grouped cases.