Hence, the key factors of plant cell walls affecting biomass enzymatic saccharification should be identified in various pretreatment conditions. Plant cell walls are mainly composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. Cellulose is a crystalline linear polymer of b-linked glucose Decloxizine dihydrochloride moieties, accounting for approximately 30% of the dry mass of primary cell walls and a maximum of 40% of secondary cell walls. It has been characterized that cellulose crystallinity is the key factor that negatively affects biomass enzymatic digestions in plants. Hemicelluloses are the polysaccharides accounting for approximately 20% to 35% of lignocellulosic biomass. Hemicelluloses can be effectively extracted using different concentrations of alkali that dissociates the hydrogen bonds of wall polymers. For example, 4 M KOH has been used to remove hemicelluloses and other associated wall polymers in plants. Hemicelluloses have been considered as the positive factor affecting biomass digestibility in Miscanthus, but they are not the main factors on biomass digestibility in rice, wheat and sweet sorghum. Although xylan is the major hemicellulose in grasses, the degree of arabinose substitution is reported as the main factor positively affecting biomass enzymatic saccharification in plants. Lignin is a very stable phenolic polymer composed of pcoumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol, and sinapyl alcohol. Lignin has been considered as the major contributor to lignocellulosic recalcitrance because of its structural diversity and heterogeneity. Etidronate However, recent reports have indicated that lignin could play dual roles in biomass enzymatic digestions due to the distinctive lignin compositions and monolignol ratios in different plant species. As a highly photosynthetic-efficient C4 grass, corn is one of the major food crops with large amounts of lignocellulosic residues that can be used for biofuels. Despite various pretreatment technologies have been applied in corn lignocellulose digestions, limited information is available regarding cell wall characteristics that affect biomass digestibility in corn.