Negative expression Xylose results for a5 in our study may be due to either the difference in the detection methods, as Sarang et al used nested PCR whereas our method utilized single amplification, or the difference in rat strain, as we used WKY instead of Sprague-Dawley. Our report is the first to show a concrete expression of GABAA receptor p subunit in rat and human kidney. To explore the differential expression, Nephromine, a web-based ZINC00881524 analysis engine freely accessible to academic users was used to study molecular expression in human renal diseases. A search for differential expression of GABAA pi subunit mRNA in human kidney using Nephromine revealed that it may be overexpressed approximately fold in kidneys with diabetic nephropathy compared to those from healthy donors. It has been shown that GABAA receptor agonist muscimol and GABAB agonist baclofen increased fractional excretion of water and sodium in isolated rat kidney perfusion. Our results suggest the possibility of a novel combination of GABAA receptor subunits, in the kidney, and this combination may be relatively kidney-specific. Muscimol is a potent agonist of GABAC in addition to GABAA receptor. When searching for kidneyspecific modulation methods of GABAA receptor, it may be possible in the future to screen for substances that show specific agonistic activity on GABAA receptors with p subunits. Such findings may promote the development of tubule-specific natriuretic agent with less effect on the nervous system. Meanwhile, the function of renal GABAB receptor is not known. As GABAB receptor R1 subtype localizes to glomeruli and arterioles as well as tubules, it may control intra-glomerular perfusion pressure. Also, R2 subtype observed in the distal-like tubules may influence the effects of aldosterone or vasopressin as their co-expression in the principal cells is likely. It has been reported that intrarenal administration of baclofen, a GABAB receptor agonist, has renoprotective effect against ischemia reperfusion injury through the attenuation of renal sympathetic nerve activity.