This dose has also been determined to be the ED50 for propofol to maintain an adequate surgical plane of anesthesia, although up to 300 mg/kg, IP has been used for the study of propofol neurotoxicity in infant mouse. Similarly, 1.5% isoflurane is about ED50 for P7 mice. The rectal temperature was periodically checked to ensure maintenance of body temperature at 3760.5uC using a thermometer. All mice in the propofol treatment group survived and 2 mice from isoflurane treatment group died. Compared with the control or vehicle mice, the anesthetized mice did not show significant changes in other behaviors after recovery. 11 male and 9 female mice were used for propofol treatment group, while 9 male and 10 female were used for vehicle controls. A subset of animals from each experimental group was sacrificed 2 h after the anesthetic exposures for blood collection and biochemical assays. The remaining 54 mice were allowed to SB 611812 mature and underwent behavioral testing 32 days post-exposure, which are the required minimum age for mice to perform adequate Morris Water Maze tests. For the reference memory trials, all mice received 4 trials per day for 5 days. The curtain was removed from around the pool to reveal numerous visual cues in the room and the SSR 69071 submerged platform was hidden. For each trial, mice were placed in the pool at fixed starting points and allowed to search for the platform for up to 60 s. If a mouse did not find the platform within 60 s, it was gently guided to the platform and allowed to remain there for 30 s. Mice that found the platform also remained on it for 30 s before removal from the pool. The escape latency was recorded.Spatial learning ability was reflected by the escape latency; the less time it took to reach the platform, the better spatial learning ability. The mice received two blocks of trials each day for 5 days. Immediately after the place trials and 24 h later, probe trials were conducted to evaluate memory retention. The platform was removed from the pool and the mouse was placed in the opposite quadrant. Each mouse was allowed to swim 60 s and the time spent in each quadrant and the swim speed were recorded and analyzed. The data are expressed as the percent time spent in each of the four quadrants. This study showed that even though isoflurane and propofol significantly increased neuroapoptosis in the rodent developing brain, this was not associated with immediate changes in neuorinflammation or subsequent cognitive dysfunction.