Participants were given clear written instructions for the collection of a semen sample. They were asked to abstain from sexual activity for a minimum of 48 h and a maximum of 6 days prior to providing the sample. Semen quality can depend on the context in which the ejaculate is collected. Men were thus provided with the same set of 4 sexually explicit images, and asked to view these images immediately before collecting their semen sample. Semen was collected at home, by masturbation into a sterile vial. Vials were wrapped in insulating foil to maintain temperature, and delivered to the laboratory within 1 h of collection. The time since their previous ejaculation, and the estimated proportion of the ejaculate captured in the vial. Finally, they were asked to return self-measured testes dimensions using disposable vernier calipers. Consistent with previous studies of voice attractiveness, we found that lower pitched voices were rated by women as being attractive and masculine giving our study external validity. Contrary to the phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis, men with attractive voices did not have better semen quality. Indeed the relationship between voice attractiveness and an important aspect of semen quality for men’s fertility, sperm concentration, was negative, consistent with a potential tradeoff between male expenditure on attracting females and gaining fertilizations. This is one of only a handful of studies to explore a potential link between male attractiveness and reproductive health or fertility. Previously Soler et al. reported a positive relationship between facial attractiveness and semen quality in a sample of Spanish men, a relationship that could not be Ruxolitinib replicated in a large sample of Australian men. Measures of body asymmetry have been found to predict men’s semen quality, with asymmetrical men having poorer semen quality than their symmetrical peers. The evidence that women can perceive subtle differences in body symmetry is mixed; some studies have shown an effect of body asymmetry on ratings of attractiveness while others have not, and the general effect from meta analysis of body symmetry on attractiveness is certainly weaker than it is for facial symmetry and attractiveness. Interestingly, a significant and reasonably large positive association has been reported between voice attractiveness and body symmetry, implying that the voice could provide cues to men’s reproductive health via the latters association with body symmetry. However, none of the semen parameters measured in our study were positively associated with voice attractiveness. More generally, studies that have looked for relationships between general health and attractiveness in face or body traits have yielded mixed results. For example, the mean general effect size for the relationship between symmetry and health appears to be in the region of 0.1, but varies considerable across studies from 0.08 to 0.67. Replicated studies such as ours are therefore valuable for gaining a better consensus view. This is the first study to have examined the relationship between voice attractiveness and an aspect of health, and we hope it will encourage further efforts in this area. Our data showed that men with attractive voices had a lower concentration of sperm in their ejaculates.