Previous studies on neuroprotection against PD largely focused on the loss of DA neurons; however, increasing evidence supports the important roles of the neuroglia cells in PD-related neuronal injury and functional deficits. Neuroglia cells not only function as the physical support for neurons but also regulate the internal environment of the brain, assist in synaptic connections, control breathing through pH-dependent ATP release and nutrify neurons. Neurodegenerative diseases disrupt the connectivity within brain circuits, which are formed by neuronal-neuronal, neuronalglial and glial–glial contacts. In addition, neurodegeneration triggers universal and conserved astroglial reactions, which regulate synaptic transmission and the protective/toxic balance, as well as microglia activation, which controls the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. All of these results allow us to regard neurodegenerative diseases as primarily gliodegenerative processes, and some pharmacological agents targeting neuroglia reactions have demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects in laboratory studies. Danshen, a well-known traditional Chinese medical herb, is the dry root and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. It has been widely used for thousands of years in oriental medicine to treat a variety of diseases, and is also among the most promising drugs in the Chinese drug research field in recent years. The Danshen extract contains more than 18 chemical composites with extensive biological activities, including nonpolar diterpenoidal compounds and water-soluble phenolic compounds, among which salvianolic acid B is the most abundant component and accounts for its most therapeutic activities. Previous studies have shown that SalB exert anti-cancer activity in human cancer cell lines, such as glioma U87 cells, as well as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The therapeutic potential of SalB on hepatic protection, cardiovascular protection, and neural protection has also been proposed in recent studies. The ideal therapeutic strategy for treating patients with PD is to not only increase the striatal dopamine content but also to inhibit further degeneration of the surviving DA neurons in the SNpc of the ventral midbrain. To date, clinical treatments are relied, in most cases, on the elevation of dopamine levels by the use of LDOPA, its precursor or activating dopaminergic receptors via specific agonists, such as the ergot alkaloid derivatives. All of these drugs fail to prevent the progression of the degenerative process, and are limited by a progressive decrease in drug response, motor fluctuations, dyskinesias and drug-induced toxicity. Thus, a new focus has shifted onto alternative therapeutic approaches that could provide an FDA-approved Compound Library inhibitor independent therapy or offer neuroprotective support to the existing drugs. Several natural products with low toxicity, including active constituents of plants, herbs, and bioactive ingredients from other natural sources, have been investigated in in vitro and in vivo PD models. The natural product SalB is an active constituent of Danshen, an herb widely used around the world for the treatment of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disorders.