The higher-order interneurons that process and regulate gustatory inputs have not been fully characterized; the tritocerebral loop innervations likely integrate chemosensory and protocerebral inputs. The tritocerebrum is targeted directly by gustatory afferents from the mouthparts via the pharyngeal nerves, indirectly via the SOG interneurons, which could relay signals from proboscis gustatory afferents entering via the labial nerve, and by descending tracts from the par interecerebralis of the superior medial protocerebrum, which contains many neurosecretory cells. The decision to perform courtship by males likely weighs the receptivity of the female versus the cost of female rejection via escape, with greater costs associated with later steps in the ritual, i.e. copulation. In open environs, escape behaviors exhibited by rejecting females likely results in the cessation of the courtship unless the male correctly gauges receptivity. The aim of a systematic review is to identify the complete evidence base of the healthcare intervention under investigation, thus allowing for an unbiased evaluation of the evidence and the formulation of robust recommendations. One step in achieving this aim is to conduct a search in bibliographic databases such as PubMed and EMBASE. But this step alone may be insufficient, as such databases, besides partly containing conference abstracts, generally contain only published information. However, reporting bias has been shown between different levels of publication. The establishment of trial registries for a priori registration of clinical trials is widely acknowledged as an effective tool to reduce their selective publication. The first computerized registries were introduced in the United States in the 1960s. Since then, several national and international, public and commercial registries have been created. However, mere knowledge of trial registration is insufficient, as the unbiased assessment of healthcare interventions requires access to the full information on the methods and results of the trials of interest. On the part of the public sector, in 2007 the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act prescribed mandatory prospective registration, as well as disclosure of specified methods and results, for trials of drugs, biological products or devices regulated by the FDA. For this purpose, the US government’s database ClinicalTrials.gov, primarily a trial registry, was expanded and is now the world’s largest combined trial and results registry. The trial registry EudraCT was launched by the European Medicines Agency in 2004 ; however, it is still under construction and the posting of results-related information has only recently become possible. Selected data are publicly accessible via www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu, but no results have yet been posted. On the part of the pharmaceutical industry.