The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Another strategy uses a mixture of antibodies that target EGFR, which are expressed in a subset of metaplastic breast cancer, to promote the lysosomal degradation of EGFR. As a result, mAb mixtures inhibit the motility of TNBC cells, and cells arrest at G1, which can account for tumor inhibition. Although the three molecular targeted strategies, including tumor-targeted NTS-polyplex nanoparticles, are independently effective, a combinatorial approach might be more efficient to limit fully or regress TNBC. In summary, tumortargeted NTS-polyplex nanoparticles respond to the imperative demand to develop new molecular targeted strategies to control TNBC. The main OA effect is the specific inhibition of serine and threonine phosphatases 1 and 2A resulting in hyperphosphorylation of many cell proteins. Since the number of physiological processes in which these phosphatases are involved is immense, the potential effects of OA are critical for cell development because it binds to the catalytic subunit and inhibits its enzymatic activity. The potentially affected proteins are intracellular components that signal transduction pathways in eukaryotic cells, which in turn regulate a diverse array of processes involved in metabolism, ion balance, neurotransmission, and cell cycle regulation where reversible phosphorylation of their components is a major regulatory mechanism to control their activities. The DSP causative organisms are dinoflagellates of the genera Dinophysis and Prorocentrum. P. lima, which has been commonly found in the Gulf of California, Mexico, is a toxic, benthic, and epiphytic dinoflagellate responsible for red tides in many localities along the Mexican Pacific coast where the presence of DSP in humans has been frequently reported. Although death incidences due to OA poisoning have not been reported, and its toxic potency is much lower intraperitoneally in mice than that of polyether neurotoxin, this molecule has been identified as tumor promoter and apoptosis inductor. Indeed, OA acts as a cytostatic drug by interfering with the control and expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins. In fact, OA potential to modify these proteins led to speculate that it might function as an exogenous mitogenic growth factor. Therefore, gene expression related to cell cycle and its functional status, either inhibition or induction, can serve as a biomarker to understand and determine hazardous biotoxin effects in marine habitats. Despite shellfish appear to be only toxin vectors unaffected by HABs, some bivalve behavioral, physiological, and cellular responses to Prorocentrum have already been described. The effects of microalgal toxic on bivalves have been studied through ingestion, absorption and accumulation rate; DSP toxins are accumulated mainly on digestive gland ; filtration activity reduction, pseudo-feces production, oxygen consumption changes, and generalized tissue inflammat.